双十一|外媒：中国正在赢得控制21世纪最有价值商品的竞赛( 三 ) 创投圈|手机行业

到2025年，中国获得STEM学位的本科毕业生人数将是目前的四倍，获得STEM博士学位的人数将是目前的两倍。相比之下，美国国内出生的人工智能博士数量自1990年以来就没有增加过。在K-12学生的国际科学和技术排名中，中国在数学和科学方面的得分一直超过美国——2018年，中国的PISA分数(评估数学、科学和阅读)排名第一，而美国排名第25 。
Three decades ago only one in 20 Chinese students studying abroad returned home. Now four of every five do. And although America has historically benefited from its ability to attract talent the US now risks losing the competition for talent on the scientific frontiers for the first time.
30年前，只有二十分之一的中国留学生回国。而现在，每5个人中就有4个人这样做。尽管美国历来受益于其吸引人才的能力，但美国现在面临着首次失去科学前沿人才竞争的风险。
The problem for the US is that the underlying trends point to it being surpassed in almost every sphere even those in which it still retains an advantage today.
美国面临的问题是，基本趋势表明，它几乎在所有领域都被超越，即便是在那些它目前仍保持优势的领域。
For example the US remains the uncontested leader in biotechnologies with a significant lead in innovation and seven of the ten most valuable life science companies. However China now lists biotech as one of the critical areas for national development with significant investment indicating it is fiercely competing across the full biotech R&D spectrum. Chinese researchers have narrowed America’s lead in the CRISPR gene-editing technique and surpassed it in CAR T-cell therapy.
例如，美国仍然是生物技术领域无可争议的领导者，在创新方面遥遥领先，在十大最有价值的生命科学公司中有7家。然而，中国现在将生物技术列为国家发展的关键领域之一，大量投资表明，中国正在整个生物技术研发领域展开激烈竞争。中国研究人员已经缩小了美国在CRISPR基因编辑技术方面的领先优势，并在CAR - t细胞治疗方面超越了美国。

America has been the primary inventor of new green energy technologies over the past two decades. But today China is the world’s leading manufacturer user and exporter of those technologies cementing a monopoly over the future green energy supply chain.
在过去20年里，美国一直是新型绿色能源技术的主要发明者。但今天，中国是这些技术的世界领先制造商、用户和出口国，巩固了对未来绿色能源供应链的垄断地位。
More critically China has a near-monopoly over several of the critical inputs necessary for solar panels batteries and other green tech including chemical lithium (50% of global production) polysilicon (60%) rare earth metals (70%) natural graphite (70%) cobalt refining (80%) and rare earth refining (90%). And where China lacks resources domestically it has secured them overseas.
更关键的是，中国几乎垄断了太阳能电池板、电池和其他绿色技术所需的几种关键投入，包括化学锂(占全球产量的50%)、多晶硅(60%)、稀土金属(70%)、天然石墨(70%)、钴精炼(80%)和稀土精炼(90%) 。在国内缺乏资源的地方，中国在海外获得了资源。
The Harvard Report is thus a wake-up call to the US and the West. It highlights that China is now a vast economic power poised to dominate the scientific and technological future. It is no wonder that Allison and Schmidt conclude their article with a stern warning: “Unless the US can organize a national response analogous to the mobilization that created the technologies that won World War II China could soon dominate the technologies of the future and the opportunities they will create.”
因此，《哈佛报告》给美国和西方敲响了警钟。它凸显出中国现在是一个巨大的经济大国，有望主宰未来的科技。难怪埃里森和施密特在文章的结尾发出了严厉的警告:“除非美国能组织一场全国性的应对行动，类似于创造了赢得二战胜利的技术的动员，否则中国可能很快就会主导未来的技术和它们将创造的机会。 ”