小学英语过去式知识归纳
一、概念
表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态 。通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组 。如:yesterday,yesterday morning,yesterday afternoon,yesterday evening,the day before yesterday(前天),last night,last week,last month,last year,a moment ago(刚才),just now(刚才),two days ago,a week ago,in 1990等 。如: I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11:00睡觉 。
二、动词过去式的构成规律
(一)规则动词的过去式
1、一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed;如:look→looked play→playe d;
2、以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d;如:live→lived use→used;
3、以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed;如:study→studied, try→tried fly→flied
4、以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加 –ed 。如:stop→stoppedplan→planned;
(二)不规则动词的过去式(后附不规则动词变化表)
1、改变动词中的元音;
begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoketake→took write→wrote get→got
2、变词尾的–d 为–t ; build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent
3、与动词原形一样; cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut
4、变-ay 为-aid (少数动词); say→said pay→paid lay→laid
5、采用不同词根;sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought
6、其他 。如:am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did
三、句式变化
(一)一般过去时的一般疑问句
1、把was, were放在句首,其余位置不变 。由Was…?引导的一般疑问句,肯定答为:Yes,… was. 否定回答为:No,…. wasn’t. 由Were…?引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答为:Yes,… were. 否定回答为:No,… weren’t. 如:
(1)I was born in Shanghai. →Were you born in Shanghai?
→Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)
(2)They were in Li Yan’s home last night.
→Were they in Li Yan’s home last night?
→Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)
2、在行为动词的句子中,要用助动词词did来引导,其余的语序不变 。要注意的是,要把行为动词的过去式改为原形 。肯定回答为:Yes, …did. 否定回答:No, …didn’t. 如:
John played computer games last night.
→Did John play computer games last night?
→Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答)
(二)一般过去时的否定句
1、在表示过去存在的状态的句子中,相接在was, were的后面加上not 。
如:(1)He was in the park the day before yesterday. →He was not in the park the day before yesterday.
(2)We were busy last week. →We were not busy last week.
2、在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中,要在行为动词的前面加助动词didn’t.然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形 。即:didn’t + 动词原形 。如:
(1)She played the violin last night. →She didn’t play the violin last night.
(2) They swam in the lake yesterday. →They didn’t swim in the lake yesterday.
(三) 一般过去式的特殊疑问句
1.What did … ?(主要是询问过去发生了什么事情,注意要把过去式改为动词原形 。)
We ate Chinese food last night. →What did we eat last night?
2.Where did ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的地方 。)
They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.
→Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?
3.Who + 动词过去式 … ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的人物 。)
Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.
→Who climbed mountains last weekend?
四、句子结构
1、在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子,系动词用过式was,were构成 。如:
(1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家 。(2)We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆 。
2、在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作,用动词的过去式构成 。如:
I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔 。
3.各种句式
(1)一般过去时的肯定陈述句:
主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语或表语 。
He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.
(2)一般过去时的否定句:
a.主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 宾语 。(did + not = didn't)
He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.
b.主语 + wasn’t/weren’t +表语 。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't)
He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago.
(3)一般过去时的一般疑问句:
a.Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语 ?
Did you study English in 1990 ?
b.Was/Were + 主语 + 表语 ?
Was he a pupil five years ago ?
(4)一般过去时的特殊疑问句:
a.特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语?
Where did your parents live five years ago?
What did you do last Sunday?
b.特殊疑问词 + were/was + 表语?
Who was at the zoo yesterday?
小学英语动词过去式变化规则
1、一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2、结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3、末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studie
不规则动词的过去式的构成
1.把动词原形中的 i 改为a,变成过去式 。如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam
2.把重读开音节中的 i 改为o,变成过去式 。如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote
3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式 。如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式 。如:
get—got,forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式 。如:
【tasted的原形是什么,感官动词后接什么?】feed—fed,meet—met
6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式 。如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式 。如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
8.动词原形中的ell 改为old,变成过去式 。如:
sell—sold,tell—told
9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式 。如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式 。如:
bring—brought,buy— bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式 。如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式 。如:
come—came,become—became
13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变 。如:
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕,say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕
14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样 。如:
let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式 。如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,
find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hold—held,leave—left,
make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took
文章插图
感官动词后接什么?
1、see, hear, listen to, watch, notice等词,后接宾语,再接动词原形或ing形式 。前者表全过程,后者表正在进行 。句中有频率词时,以上的词也常跟动词原形 。
I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. (我入睡时有人正敲门)
2、look, sound, smell, taste, feel可当系动词,后接形容词 。
He looks angry.他看起来很生气 。
3、这些动词都不用于被动语态 。
如:The sweets are tasted sweet.是错误的 。
4、如果加介词like, 则后不可接形容词,而接名词或代词:
He looks like his mother.他看起来像他妈妈 。
扩展资料:
look, sound, smell, taste, feel的用法:
1、通常以被感觉的东西作主语,虽有被动词味,但不用被动语态 。
如:误:The material is felt nice. 这料子摸起来不错 。(is felt 应改为feels)
2、其后均可接介词 like 。
如:This looks (tastes, smells, feels) like an orange. 这东西看起来(吃起来,闻起来,摸起来)像桔子 。
3、除look外均不用于进行时态(即使是look用于进行时态也不多见) 。
如:You look [are looking] tired this evening. 今晚你好像很累 。
4、除look外,均不能接 to be(即使是look后接to be也不多见) 。
如:She looks (to be) the best person for this job. 她似乎是做这项工作的最佳人选 。
- webpy如何处理url传入的unicode的数值参数
- 在赤手空拳的情况下,人类能杀死什么动物?
- 人见人怕的动物有哪些 世界上最恐怖的动物
- 世界排名前十的高楼建筑分别是?
- android 写微博分享,怎么样调用微博本来的编写微博的页面写微博,进行分享
- 电脑误删除的文件怎么恢复
- 中国最毒的毒蛇是什么蛇?
- ps拉长腿的方法
- 删除的qq好友怎么找回来
- 布袋除尘器过滤风速选择的重要性???