vi.和vt.是什么意思,英语中v,vi,vt有什么区别?

Vi和Vt没有区别
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vi.和vt.是什么意思,英语中v,vi,vt有什么区别?

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英语中v,vi,vt有什么区别?
V 动词的总称,动词依据后面能否直接连名词分两大类; 一类是Vi,不及物动词,就是后面不能直接接名词作宾语,而要在Vi 后面加以介词后再连名词作宾语 。
比如:go to school, 去掉中间的介词to就是病句 。另一类Vt, 及物动词,动词可以直接连名词作宾语 。比如: love a girl.
英语里面的动词vi和vt有什么区别?
vi 是不及物动词,vt 是及物动词
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成及物动词与不及物动词 。
及物动词: 字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词 。及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),并且可直接跟宾语 。
如see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.
其实所谓“及物”,就是后面可直接加宾语的动词,有被动形式,而不及物动词是没有被动式的,也不可直接加宾语,需加上介词 。
及物动词后面可直接接宾语,不及物动词后面不可直接接宾语,一般要加介词后再接宾语 。实际上很多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词 。我举一个例子,就说write 。如I am writing.和I am writing a letter.在前一个句子write是不及物动词,在后一个句子write是及物动词 。又如,see是及物动词,但在特殊情况下如seeing is believing 。
不及物动词就是一个动作不能施加到另一个物体上,也就是后面不能加宾语 。
例如:He is running. run这个动词就是不及物动词,后面不能加sth 。(不能说跑什么东西)
分清及物不及物动词:
分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题 。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:
a.主要用作及物动词 。及物动词后面必须跟宾语 。可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构 。如:
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....
b.主要用作不及物的动词 。不及物动词后面不跟宾语 。只能用与:"主+谓"结构 。
This is the room where I once lived.
类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....
c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变 。如begin 都是作"开始"讲 。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....
d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同 。
这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义 。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散" 。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起" 。
He lifted his glass and drank.
类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植
play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅
ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言)
hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作
在英语错误中,“及物动词+介词+宾语”(transitive verb+preposition+object),是常见的一种 。所谓及物动词,就是谓语动词(predicative verb),不必通过介词引荐宾语 。相反的,不及物动词(intransitive verb)是不带宾语的 。有许多动词,虽然性质是及物的,但不一定要有宾语,如下列的①a和②a便是这种情形:
①a. We study every day.
b. Do you study English every day.
②a. Please write clearly next time.
b. Can you write your composition now?
如果本质上就是不及物动词,就不会有宾语;若要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才行,如③b和④b;③a和④a是错的;
*③a. The children are listening the music.
【vi.和vt.是什么意思,英语中v,vi,vt有什么区别?】b. The children are listening to the music.
*④a. She is laughing the crippled man.
b. She is laughing at the crippled man.
反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如上述的①b和②b,又如⑤和 ⑥:
⑤ John is giving a book to me.
⑥ Who will answer this question?
如果无意中把介词加上,就错了,如:
*⑦ Who will answer to this question?
下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错:
“We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.”
“Awaiting”是个及物动词,后面的介词“for”是多余的,要去掉;不然把“awaiting”改为“waiting for”也行 。
许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语 。最常见的是“emphasize/stress on/upon”和“discuss about”,如:
⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.
⑨ In our education system, we stress upon examination results.
⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.
显然的,这三句里的介词“on/upon”和“about”是多余的,不必要的 。
下面是些类似的错误:
● The young must obey to their elders.
● Do not approach to that odd-looking man.
● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.
● Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes.
● Do you hope to serve for your nation?
● When did Susan marry with Paul?
介词“to, on, from, for, with”都要去掉才对 。
为什么会有这些错误呢?主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质 。其次,就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆 。解决之道有二 。第一,要把“及物动词+宾语”和“不及物动词+介词+宾语”划分清楚,如:
? I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him.
? He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday.
第二,把及物动词转化为名词,然后加上适当的介词和宾语,如:
? Don't approach such a person.
? Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?